“Crop Modeling Under Climate Change” is the exploration of crop–climate coupled systems and their pertinence to relevant agricultural practices and the importance of an approach by integrating crop models. After a brief introduction to crop modeling and its relevance in the era of climate change, the basic structures and components of various types of crop models are examined. The chapter deals with how climate change affects agrarian production, tearing apart the resistance of various crops and strategies presented in the UN 2030 Agenda to address challenges. It covers climate data integration into crop models and shows how crops respond to different climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, and CO2 concentrations. The chapter also describes adaptation strategies and presents responses in the form of genetic enhancement, agronomic practices, and water management. It presents an overview of the key equipment and software needed to conduct crop modeling and guidance on how to validate and calibrate models. The climate impacts section enables the evaluation of future impacts using scenario analysis. The chapter concludes with the challenges and restrictions in existing crop models and discusses future directions that can help to prepare for climate change under current solutions consistent with the UN 2030 Agenda aiming at sustainable stable food security.