Sustainable agriculture practices are essential for the entire world as they help in the security of food, checkclimate change, and come up with environmentally friendly ways of farming. This book chapter attempts to cover all the relevant aspects from the historical development of the concept to the innovations of the contemporary world. It describes sustainable agriculture, including the principles of the concept and the relevance of the practice in agriculture. It is focused on organic farming, permaculture, precision agriculture, conservation agriculture, agroforestry, urban agriculture, and climate-smart agriculture. Every approach is analyzed, including the theoretical foundations upon which it is based, the practices that support it, its advantages, its disadvantages, and examples of its usage. It also describes subsequent technologies and strategies, such as biotechnology, advanced technologies, and blockchain, and how they might assist in reinforcing sustainability. Further, it is associated with socio-economic topics, namely, policy actions, promotion strategies, and best practices. The last section of the chapter calls for future prospects and challenges that are the major debate of the future, as well as the need for further research and cooperation in the field of sustainability challenges. This book chapter’s primary goal is to serve an important source for stakeholders, investigators, policymakers, or practitioners in the area of environmentally friendly farming.