Increasing global demand for food applications, combined with growing ecological concerns from conventional agricultural inputs, is increasingly accelerating interest in sustainable innovations such as biodegradable nanomaterials (BNMs). This chapter explores the potential of BNMs to innovate agrochemical distribution systems by increasing efficiency, reducing environmental impact and aligning with precision agriculture principles. These nanomaterials derived from biopolymers such as chitosan, starch, and polylactic acid offer smart release functions and biodegradability that address critical issues of soil and water pollution. Key issues include how BNMs are classified and produced, their benefits in agriculture, and some barriers that hinder their widespread use. These barriers include high cost, difficulty in large-scale production, regulatory requirements, degradability issues, and poor adaptability to real-world conditions. This chapter aims to comprehensively address the opportunities and challenges associated with BNMs in agriculture by bringing together knowledge from the fields of materials science, plant physiology, and environmental engineering. The report concludes with recommendations to promote collaboration across disciplines, contribute to the development of agricultural policies, and support the transition to environmentally friendly and efficient agricultural practices.