Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative agricultural tool, enabling the development of nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanosensors that optimize the efficiency of agricultural inputs while reducing environmental impact. This chapter discusses the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, their mechanisms of action and uptake pathways in plants and soil organisms, as well as their influence on agricultural ecosystems. However, despite the benefits of these tools, risks associated with their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and effects on non-target organisms have been identified. This study addresses international regulations, risk assessment approaches, and safe design strategies for nanomaterials. Such approaches include functional coatings, controlled release, and biodegradability. This study underlines the importance of long-term research examining their behavior under real field conditions and their effect on environmental health. It concludes with perspectives on sustainable agriculture based on the responsible use of nanotechnology, promoting the implementation of a specific and collaborative regulatory framework to ensure the safety, efficacy, and social acceptability of such developments.