An essential agri-input for meeting increased global demand for food is fertilizer. The careless application of traditional Fertilizer products have caused a number of issues for both the environment and human health. Fertilizers based on nanocomposite technology are good substitutes for conventional methods. A new family of materials called nanocomposites has enhanced, in the development of environmentally acceptable slow- or controlled-release fertilizer formulations, properties such as mechanical strength, barrier performance, and thermal and mechanical stability are essential. This review highlights the application of various nanocomposite materials designed for agricultural nutrient management, with particular focus on their synthesis and characterization techniques, plant nutrition application aspects, and addressing the field’s limitations and potential futures. Nanoclays are considered important carriers of many nutrients that enhance various elements of plant yield and production. Vehiculization enhances their resistance to adverse environmental conditions and contributes to the stabilization of the bioactive compound, which may improve their viability and stability while being stored.