This chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of Thai nouns and pronouns, fundamental components that structure and clarify communication in the Thai language. The chapter begins by examining the linguistic uniqueness of Thai, including its tonal nature and lack of grammatical gender, before detailing the four primary types of nouns: common, proper, classifiers, and abstract. Each category is explored with linguistic precision, highlighting their syntactic roles, semantic functions, and classification frameworks. Special emphasis is given to noun classifiers—an essential feature of Thai—demonstrating their role in quantification and categorization. The chapter also systematically examines five major types of pronouns—personal, interrogative, indefinite, definite, and reciprocal—emphasizing their grammatical functions and sociolinguistic implications, such as the influence of status, politeness, and context. Through extensive examples and scholarly references, this chapter underscores the importance of nouns and pronouns in shaping meaning, reflecting cultural norms, and achieving syntactic cohesion in Thai. It ultimately provides learners and linguists with a deeper understanding of the language’s grammatical and pragmatic structure.