Acidic fog, a common weather phenomenon, offers serious environmental and health dangers. This chapter synthesizes existing knowledge about the chemical elements of acidic fog, shedding light on techniques, conclusions, and implications for environmental science and public health. A thorough search across credible academic databases was conducted using a methodical approach, focusing on papers published in the last decade. This chapter organizes selected studies into categories based on analytical approaches, geographic regions, and time changes. Notably, mass spectrometry has emerged as the leading approach for fog droplet analysis, with great sensitivity in identifying different ions. Ion chromatography was very important, notably for measuring significant anions (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−) and cations (NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.). Studies conducted in industrial areas consistently reported elevated concentrations of trace metals and organic acids, underscoring the substantial influence of anthropogenic emissions on fog composition. Sulfate ions emerged as a dominant constituent in all studies, highlighting its prevalence in acidic fog formation. Nitrate and ammonium ions were also frequently reported, with variations in their relative concentrations depending on the source of pollutants and atmospheric conditions. Seasonal and temporal variations in fog composition were observed, driven by changes in emission patterns, meteorological conditions, and atmospheric chemistry. This chapter findings have implications for environmental policy and future research paths, highlighting the importance of ongoing monitoring and research into the characterization of chemical constituents in acidic fog.