The network nodes of cross-chain systems, with their massive, distributed, autonomous, open, and freely accessible characteristics, are more susceptible to malicious attacks and manipulation, causing irreparable damage to the cross-chain system. Due to the regulatory challenges associated with blockchain network nodes, data released by relevant technical departments indicate that from 2011 to April 2018, global losses from attacks, damage, and other anomalies on blockchains reached $2.864 billion (Xuehai et al., China Sci Found 34(1):18–24, 2020).