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In this study, tin oxide (SnO2)-based thin films were prepared using three different stabilizers, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), monoethanolamine (MEA), and hexamethylene tetramine (HMT) and deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by sol–gel immersion method. Based on the surface morphology analysis, it is observed that the utilization of different stabilizers led to the production of different structures of thin film. The solution stabilized with MEA produced a thin film with volcano-like structures while the solution stabilized with NaOH produced cube-like structure. In addition, the solution added with HMT produced sheet-like structure. From the images, HMT-based stabilizer produced better thin film compared to NaOH and MEA in terms of growth uniformity. The optical characteristics of the samples showed that the HMT-stabilized sample produced the highest transmittance and energy bandgap of about 73% and 3.21 eV, respectively, as compared to other samples. The sample also demonstrated excellent performance in humidity detection with sensitivity of 80. This study is crucial to demonstrate the importance of selecting the most ideal stabilizer for nanostructure growth.

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Implications of Different Stabilizers to the Physical and Optical Properties of SnO2 Thin Films: Towards Humidity Sensing Applications

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • A. S. Ismail,
  • R. Mohamed,
  • M. H. Mamat,
  • S. Kossar,
  • M. M. Yusoff

摘要

In this study, tin oxide (SnO2)-based thin films were prepared using three different stabilizers, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), monoethanolamine (MEA), and hexamethylene tetramine (HMT) and deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by sol–gel immersion method. Based on the surface morphology analysis, it is observed that the utilization of different stabilizers led to the production of different structures of thin film. The solution stabilized with MEA produced a thin film with volcano-like structures while the solution stabilized with NaOH produced cube-like structure. In addition, the solution added with HMT produced sheet-like structure. From the images, HMT-based stabilizer produced better thin film compared to NaOH and MEA in terms of growth uniformity. The optical characteristics of the samples showed that the HMT-stabilized sample produced the highest transmittance and energy bandgap of about 73% and 3.21 eV, respectively, as compared to other samples. The sample also demonstrated excellent performance in humidity detection with sensitivity of 80. This study is crucial to demonstrate the importance of selecting the most ideal stabilizer for nanostructure growth.