The handloom industry, deeply rooted in India for thousands of years, thrives on minimal capital and power, facing challenges in marketing, infrastructure, and finances. Nevertheless, it stands as the country’s second-largest employer, engaging over 3.5 million people in direct and allied activities and contributing significantly to global handwoven fabric markets. Emphasising its regional significance, Jharkhand is a key player in tussar silk production, holding a substantial 76.4% share in India. With 23.77 lakh looms, the industry is crucial for employment and production, underscoring its significance in India’s socio-economic landscape. Focused on self-employed handloom entrepreneurs in Jharkhand, this study explores their socio-economic conditions using both primary and secondary data. Secondary data were extracted from the fourth handloom census and government sources, while primary data were collected through a guided questionnaire from a sample of 50 self-employed handloom entrepreneurs in Godda and Saheb-Ganj districts. The survey results indicated a male-dominated (62%) handloom entrepreneurship scenario in Jharkhand. Despite low-income generation, around 88% earn less than ₹5000 per month, these entrepreneurs persist, being second or third-generation, providing employment locally. Distribution of work experience comprised 46% having more than a decade of experience, 36% possessing 5 to 10 years, and 18% holding 1 to 5 years of experience. The data also revealed a low awareness (0.9%) among entrepreneurs about support programmes, highlighting the need for increased awareness and targeted interventions. This study also shows a comparative discussion of the handloom industry among Bangladesh, India and the Indian state of Jharkhand. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the socio-economic and demographic features of self-employed handloom entrepreneurs, serving as a compass for potential solutions needed to enhance their overall well-being.