Millets have been important cereal crops for the poor people of Asia and Africa for the past several hundred years. There are two main reasons why these crops are the center of attraction for the cross-sectoral community around the world: (1) Millets possess excellent climate resilience features for adapting to harsh climates. (2) They are a rich source of mineral nutrients and vitamins, conferring several health benefits. Millets are considered future food security crops due to these two features. It is the priority of the researchers to dissect and understand the mechanisms behind the climate resilience and nutrient enrichment features of the millets. Genetic engineering and genome editing are important tools in molecular genetics used by plant breeders to determine the role of a specific gene. Although main crops such as rice have received much attention during the past decades on the use of these tools, millets have been neglected for these studies until recent years. This chapter reviews the present status of genetic engineering and genome editing reports available for millets. Among the minor millets, foxtail millet and finger millet have considerable reports on genetic engineering studies, and other millets have a few or no reports to date. The Agrobacterium-mediated system was most frequently applied for the genetic engineering of millets. Genome editing is another important tool used by plant biotechnologists to study genes and improve upon specific traits. However, except for foxtail millet, other millets have had no reports on genome editing studies to date. The genetic engineering and genome editing studies in millets might help study specific gene functions and transfer key traits within and outside the millets.