Minor millets are an important group of crops with small-sized grains, primarily cultivated in many Asian and African countries. These crops have been an integral part of human diets since ancient times; however, their acreage declined globally due to their low productivity as compared to cereals such as wheat and rice. There is a renewed interest in these crops owing to their abundance of vital nutrients, minerals, and bioactive compounds essential for human well-being, coupled with their resilience to varying climate conditions. Therefore, the need of the hour is to enhance their productivity, a goal achievable through focused and systematic genetics and breeding research. Advances in the field of genomics, which can provide a much deeper understanding of various traits, can significantly accelerate genetic improvement in these crops. In recent years, genomic resources in the form of simple sequence repeat (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), and other sequence-based markers have been developed in the majority of the minor millets. Further, advanced sequencing technologies have also led to the construction of reference genomic assemblies in most of the millet crops. Given the widespread availability of genomic resources in these crops, the emphasis should now shift toward mapping and deploying crucial genes associated with increased yield and conferring tolerance to various biotic and abiotic traits. Furthermore, a range of advanced genomic techniques, such as genome editing, genomic selection, and haplotype breeding, offer the potential to accelerate the development of millet varieties with high yield and resilience to climate, and these should be integrated into the millet genetic enhancement initiative.