For centuries, the genus Bidens L. (Asteraceae), comprising 246 species, has been used as herbal medicine in many parts of the world, including Africa, to treat several ailments. In this chapter, the role of Bidens species in African traditional medicine, phytochemistry, and their potential therapeutic applications are discussed. A comprehensive and systematic literature review was conducted on Bidens species in Africa using various scientific databases and resources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and books. With Bidens pilosa (blackjack) being the most used species, the literature indicates that leaves of some Bidens species are consumed as vegetables, and different plant parts of Bidens species are utilized in African folk medicine for treating various conditions such as diabetes, inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, leprosy, infections, and digestive disorders, among others. They are often prepared as decoctions, infusions, poultices, and as paste, depending on the type of ailment. Overall, current evidence from the literature suggests the potential use of Bidens species in modern medicine and their continuous use in African traditional medicine. However, more research on toxicology is warranted to establish the safety of Biden species.