Importance of medicinal plants with special emphasis on pharmacological and nutritional potential of worldwide distributed plants of genus Bidens. Among various species of genus Bidens, Bidens pilosa and Bidens odorata are well known for their folk use against multiple ailments. The therapeutic potential, efficacy, and underlying mechanisms are further strengthened by published scientific data in favor of the Bidens species. The pharmacological actions of plants included in genus Bidens like Bidens pilosa and Bidens odorata have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimalarial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, hypotensive, and wound-healing effects are highlighted in this chapter. The active constituents, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, and fatty acids thought to be responsible for biological actions are meticulously discussed. The presence of unique bioactive compounds makes it a useful resource for the development of new therapeutics. Thus, Bidens is emerging as a rich source of new therapeutic compounds, which can be used in advanced pharmacotherapy and improve patients’ responses. However, improved experimental methodologies, more human studies, clinical trials, research funding and opportunities, and high throughput screenings are still required to publish significant scientific data and to establish the therapeutic potential and efficacy of other species of Bidens.