According to the United Nations World Health Organization (UNWHO), 80% of the world’s population obtains their primary medical treatment from medicinal plants. From ancient medicinal practices to modern scientific investigations, Bidens species have captivated the attention of scientific researchers. Bidens, commonly known as beggarticks or bur-marigolds, is a genus of traditional medicinal plants enriched in phytochemical composition. The advancement in phytochemical analysis and bioassay techniques has made it easier to identify and characterize the variety of secondary metabolites found in Bidens species, such as terpenoids, poly-acetylenes and flavonoids, and aliphatic chemicals. This chapter is a guide on aliphatic natural products, their extraction, structural elucidation, and possible pharmaceutical applications. Aliphatic compounds found in Bidens include fatty acids (i.e., saturated, unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid). These compounds have diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. In addition to fatty acids, Bidens species contain a remarkable array of esters, which are produced when fatty acids condense with alcohols. These esters not only contribute to the distinct aroma and flavor of flowers and fruits but also have potential applications in the perfume and flavoring industries. In addition, the polyketides isolated from Bidens include chalcones, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Poly-acetylenes from Bidens plants possess diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties, indicating their potential as pharmacological and agricultural candidates. Despite their ubiquity, Bidens plants remained relatively understudied until recent years, when their pharmacological, agricultural, and ecological significance began to emerge. By unraveling the biosynthetic pathways and biological activities of aliphatic compounds from Bidens species, researchers can unlock new opportunities for drug discovery, crop improvement, and environmental sustainability. This will result in an improved understanding of the medicinal plants and their wonders.