These include (i) growth of agriculture since independence and an evaluation of its outcomes; (ii) concepts of welfare and social welfare; (iii) concept of farmers’ welfare; and (iv) employment-led income generation. Bringing into focus the concept and importance of farmers’ welfare, the chapter evaluates it from various angles and finally offers a comprehensive concept relying upon the hierarchy of needs as propounded by Abraham Maslow, the psychologist. Further, this chapter also deliberates upon the employment route to income and in this regard examines various theories of economics including Keynesian economics as applicable to the agriculture sector and concludes with the assertion that creating new demand opportunities for the agricultural produce is the way forward to generating sustainable jobs for the agriculturally dependent workforce—cultivators and landless agricultural labour.