This chapter illustrates the socio-demographic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on indigenous people in Indonesia, focusing on fertility, health and mortality, mobility, economy, and traditional rituals. Likewise, different measures set up by the government to address and manage the COVID-19 pandemic have unquestionably exerted influence over the community. Vibriyanti et al. explain that not all of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the demographic aspect are directly visible in a short period of time. Looking at the statistical changes, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia’s demographic condition will be most likely noticeable within one or two years. However, the nearly two-year-long COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly had a significant impact on the trend in demography-related behavioral changes that will shape the future demographic condition of a country, including Indonesia. The wave of the COVID-19 pandemic also has a negative effect on the socio-economic condition of the population. In this chapter, there are five sections that describe the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-demographic aspects of indigenous people, such as fertility, health and mortality rates, population mobility, economy, and traditional rituals. In general, COVID-19 has a minor impact on the mortality rates of indigenous populations. Indigenous people impacted by COVID-19, particularly in terms of population mobility, can be classified into two categories: those whose migration patterns remained unchanged, and those whose mobility was disrupted by pandemic restrictions. The first is indigenous individuals whose migration habits and culture are not significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The second group consists of indigenous individuals whose movement patterns have been altered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the policies in regard to controlling the COVID-19 spread also have effects on population mobility. The decline of tourism severely reduced income for groups such as the Bali Aga, Marapu in Sumba, and the Tengger in East Java, whose cultural assets had become key economic commodities. The natural and cultural wealth owned by those indigenous peoples becomes a magnet for tourists to visit the regions. For instance, crafts such as woven fabrics, plaits, and traditional gold and silver jewelry, which had no commercial value to the Merapu people at first, have now become one of the community’s economic commodities. However, the rules that restrict population mobility have rendered tourism completely inactive. The pandemic, which has been ongoing for almost two years, has had a substantial effect on the tourism industry. Furthermore, the portrayal of indigenous peoples’ perspectives and understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic depicts how they live in the face of the threat posed by the virus’s spread. The pandemic has had a minimal effect on the observance of cultural and religious practices. In this chapter, Vibriyanti et al. stated that the fear of COVID-19 virus transmission has not deterred indigenous peoples from participating in religious and traditional rituals. During the pandemic, indigenous people in this research were confronted with regulations for limiting interactions and the PPKM that are detrimental to the performance of traditional rituals, particularly those that demand greater community participation. The case of Bali and Sumba showed that the performance of traditional rituals or other festivities, which are usually drawing crowds in a particular residential area, poses a challenge to the proliferation of the COVID-19 cases.