Mindfulness refers to the neurocognitive ability that enables us to become aware of and witness our own thoughts, feelings, sensations, and environment. The term mindfulness can be traced back to Eastern philosophy and has widely been used in psychological theories, practice and research. Mindfulness has shown its efficacy in developing our adaptive personality traits as well as enhancing our neurocognitive, affective and interpersonal skills. Several 'Mindfulness-based interventions' (MBIs) have been designed with the aim of enhancing our mindfulness skills which are considered crucial to our health and well-being and are consistently being analysed using empirical approaches. Mindfulness has the potential to become a feasible, accessible and cost-effective programme in an Indian context where acute shortage of manpower, barriers to care, stigma, cultural diversity and treatment gaps are major concerns. This chapter highlights the conceptual, research and practice growth of mindfulness in the field of psychological science. Further, the chapter critically examines a variety of mindfulness-based interventions and their derivations, applicability, usefulness and empirical base. Specific recommendations and future directions in regard to mindfulness as a psychologically adaptive strength-based approach have been discussed.