This chapter examines the history of Indian migration to Europe from the end of the Second World War to the present period. After a general introduction the second section provides an overview of the historical phase of European colonialism which intensified interactions with the Indian sub-continent through trade and migration. This led to formation of overseas Indian communities in European colonies worldwide, especially in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. Members of this ‘old Indian diaspora’ later emerged as ‘twice migrants’ in post-colonial Europe. This section analyses what is considered to be the most significant wave of Indian migration to Europe, especially to the UK, as war-torn economies began the task of reconstruction. Many mainland European countries experienced immigration from their ex-colonies, including overseas-based Indians. As a consequence, there emerged sizable Indian communities in Europe with each country exhibiting its own specific colonial past. The third section focuses on underlying reasons for the post-WW2 waves of migration to mainland Europe. Pressures of growth performance and changing supply and demand for skilled labour explain the ever-growing presence of Indian migration in both northern and southern European countries. It is noteworthy that over time there has been a tendency for transformation from unskilled and semi-skilled migrants towards more skilled Indian migrant workers, especially in the IT sector. Overall, these processes have led to the formation of a large and diversified Indian diaspora in mainland Europe. In the final section the chapter concludes by summarizing the main arguments and provides commentary on contemporary debates on European immigration and their implications for future immigration from India.