Direct relations between heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic functions of body have been explored thoroughly by the researchers in various fields. This technique has been used to assess various simulated operations of Indian military. The activities included soldiers’ health monitoring, warfare training at high altitude to other military practices to counter terrorism and insurgencies. The work also included simulated operations of mechanized forces. The studies reviewed in the paper included studies carried out on Indian military forces only. In one study, the modulations in HRV were used to predict soldiers’ acclimatization status at high altitude areas. Variations in training intensities could be identified with HRV recorded before and after skiing practices with other studies. Similarly, continuous monitoring of HRV during skiing could identify the internal changes due to the environment and track characteristics which were differently expressed through physiological and biomechanical variables. Such results could identify the differences between military skiing and the professional events. In case of the mechanized forces, one-hour operation of the infantry troop carrier was considered. The results suggested sympathetic dominance at the initial stage indicating physical and mental engagement. Sympatho-vagal balance at later stage indicated soldiers’ bodily adjustments. Balanced autonomic activities during a simulated battle tank operation showed adaptability of experienced drivers to the assigned task. Such studies provided important insights into the physiological and cognitive stress of several operations of infantry and mechanized forces. These observations encourage prediction of workload under various circumstances for better selection of personnel.