This study examines the current state of Indonesia’s risk governance when facing more frequent and intense disasters with uncertain impacts on social and ecological systems. Indonesia, as a high-risk country, has progressively committed to reducing the risk of disasters since the disaster management law was enacted in 2007, followed by the establishment of the National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB). The transformative pathway can be seen in the country’s report on climate change adaptation based on the Paris Agreement 2015 and disaster risk reduction based on the Sendai Framework 2015–2030. However, the challenges persist in treating a risk-awareness ecosystem among various stakeholders that showed organically during disaster lack of preparedness and coordination to respond to ineffective responses during emergency periods. We argue that risk culture is important for more effective risk governance because it involves local values and beliefs. This study is based on literature reviews that are mainly based on the authors’ research reports in Indonesia, which consist of disaster preparedness and recovery. Using the Systemic Risk Governance approach for the Indonesian context, this study explores the potential consideration of risk culture in Indonesian risk governance. The results show that historically, Indonesia has established mitigation strategies for facing natural hazards. However, the uncertainty and complexity of the current social-ecological system have caused difficulties in its integration. This study is useful in finding an effective strategy to strengthen risk governance.