Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a scientifically validated treatment approach for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that focuses on modifying behavior through reinforcement strategies rooted in behavioral theory. Despite growing application-based research, meta-analyses suggest that further studies are necessary to fully understand ABA’s efficacy, particularly to address misconceptions and potential overuse of its therapies. ABA encompasses various intervention strategies, including Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI), the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), and Learning Experiences and Alternative Program (LEAP), each tailored to different age groups and needs. EIBI is intensive, often requiring 20–40 h per week for children under 5, while ESDM uses naturalistic teaching for younger children. LEAP emphasizes peer interaction and parental involvement in public school settings. The foundational principles of ABA, such as reinforcement, extinction, and generalization, guide its methodologies, allowing for the systematic teaching of social, communicative, and adaptive skills. While ABA effectively addresses both repetitive behaviors and maladaptive actions, its scope also covers a broad curriculum aimed at fostering independence and improving overall quality of life for children with ASD.