Cadmium (Cd) levels in agricultural farm soils have been rapidly increasing in developing countries because of the overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Rhizo-engineering has been demonstrated successfully to understand the interaction of microbiome under Cd stress, with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) being vital candidate because they can be survived in different harsh conditions and provide sustainable support to plant growth and development. Cd-tolerant bacteria exhibit different Cd sequestration by using processes and materials such as biosorption and bioaccumulation, plant growth promotion, organic acids, siderophore enhancement and extracellular polymers for the immobilisation of Cd plant–soil interface. The availability and sorption capacity of nutrients and pH affect the survival and growth-promoting activities of an efficient PGPR capable of immobilization of Cd-in soils and toxicity to plants. The current review focusing on the Cd immobilization in plant root soil interface by the exerting the PGPR mechanisms in existing agricultural soil during plant production.

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Rhizo-Immobilization of Cd by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria -A Review

  • Md Abdul Halim,
  • Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman,
  • Megharaj Mallavarapu,
  • Ravi Naidu

摘要

Cadmium (Cd) levels in agricultural farm soils have been rapidly increasing in developing countries because of the overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Rhizo-engineering has been demonstrated successfully to understand the interaction of microbiome under Cd stress, with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) being vital candidate because they can be survived in different harsh conditions and provide sustainable support to plant growth and development. Cd-tolerant bacteria exhibit different Cd sequestration by using processes and materials such as biosorption and bioaccumulation, plant growth promotion, organic acids, siderophore enhancement and extracellular polymers for the immobilisation of Cd plant–soil interface. The availability and sorption capacity of nutrients and pH affect the survival and growth-promoting activities of an efficient PGPR capable of immobilization of Cd-in soils and toxicity to plants. The current review focusing on the Cd immobilization in plant root soil interface by the exerting the PGPR mechanisms in existing agricultural soil during plant production.