Public construction projects play a crucial role in national economic development by providing essential infrastructure, such as roads, airports, schools, and hospitals, which significantly enhance the quality of life. A central aspect of these projects is public procurement, where knowledge management systems are vital for ensuring transparency and efficiency in decision-making. Despite the established link between knowledge management systems and public procurement effectiveness, there is limited focus on how these systems can be adapted to address the unique challenges faced by developing countries. This study aims to develop a comprehensive knowledge management framework that incorporates critical factors and mechanisms to enhance public procurement effectiveness in emerging economies. Using a phenomenological design, this study explores the phenomenon of public procurement effectiveness. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten professionals actively engaged in public procurement in Libya. The findings show that numerous factors influence public procurement effectiveness, which can be taxonomized into four key categories, namely sociocultural, political, human, and economic. The results also emphasize the transformative potential of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, and data analytics. These technologies provide a robust foundation for effective knowledge management systems by improving transparency and facilitating information flow, which enhances public procurement effectiveness.