The paper aims to explore the role of carbon neutrality and sustainable transformation in stabilizing global energy markets and addressing the most important factors affecting the global supply and demand of energy resources. The paper discusses an analytical approach to forecast supply and demand for different energy sources for the period 2020–2030 to chart the paths of the global transition towards using renewable energy sources and promote carbon neutrality at the global economic level. The paper adopts a predictive approach, highlighting the global differences in the consumption of different energy sources and the importance of infrastructure investment in the energy transition towards renewable energy sources. The study also provides assessments of energy conversion paths, efficiency, and potential scenarios from production to end-consumer. It compares technologies based on their level of technological readiness and maturity of market application. The results show that sustainable transition and carbon neutrality are the keys to reducing carbon emissions to the maximum extent or offsetting their use, i.e., reducing carbon dioxide emissions to compensate for emissions produced elsewhere. The issue of balancing demand and supply of energy sources in global markets is one of the most prominent challenges facing the energy sector during the past two decades. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, have witnessed remarkable growth during the past two decades, contributing to diversifying the energy mix and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The global energy market is facing a set of interconnected crises that affect its stability and sustainability.