The aim of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial education (EE) on entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Chinese higher vocational students. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Self-Efficacy Theory (SET) as the theoretical basis, the mediating roles of behavioural attitudes (BA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) between EE and EI were examined. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted with students from five higher vocational colleges in Fujian Province, China. The results of structural equation modelling using AMOS software showed that EE had a significant positive direct effect on EI. BA, PBC, ESE played a mediating role between EE and EI. SN had no significant effect on EI. This suggests that TPB and SET are applicable to the study of EI in Fujian Province, China. The results of the study provide some information to university teachers to promote entrepreneurial intention among college students and theoretical inspiration to scholars engaged in entrepreneurship research.