Grain legumes, such as chickpeas, lentils, and beans, are indispensable for international food security, offering a sustainable source of protein and enhancing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, their productivity is significantly hindered by abiotic stresses, particularly drought, which is exacerbated by climate change. This chapter covers a comprehensive overview of the methodologies and applications of marker-assisted breeding (MAB) in breeding drought-tolerant grain legumes. It emphasizes the critical role of MAB in overcoming the challenges posed by abiotic stresses and highlights the potential of these technologies to enhance the resilience and sustainability of legume cultivation in a changing climate. MAB leverages molecular markers, such as quantitative trait loci (QTLs), to identify and select for drought-tolerant traits with precision. The integration of backcross breeding and recurrent selection methods within MAB programs facilitates the introgression of these traits into elite cultivars, accelerating the breeding process and improving genetic gain. By focusing on traits such as deep root systems, osmotic adjustment, and efficient water use, MAB enables the advancement of drought-resistant legume varieties. This chapter highlights the identification and utilization of QTLs linked to drought tolerance, the advantages of combining multiple traits for improved stress resilience, and the potential of MAB to address the challenges posed by climate change, ultimately underscoring the importance of MAB in creating drought-tolerant legume varieties that contribute to sustainable agriculture and food security in the face of increasing environmental stresses.