In the realm of agricultural research, agricultural practices delve into the innovative strategies aimed at developing the drought resilience of overlooked legume varieties, shedding light on their historical neglect and the imperative for transformative interventions. Drawing upon a rich tapestry of global and regional insights, it navigates through the intricate landscape of neglected legumes, laying the groundwork for a comprehensive examination of breeding advancements in enhancing their adaptive capacities. This chapter delves into the breeding advancements aimed at enhancing the drought tolerance of neglected legume species, addressing their underutilisation and limited research focus. It begins with an exploration of neglected legumes, elucidating their origin, chromosome number, distribution, and nutritional quality, while also examining the global scenario and the influence of initiatives like the International Year of Pulses 2016. Specific attention is given to the Indian context, detailing species-wise production and associated challenges. The effect of drought and heat stress on neglected legume production is discussed, underlining the urgency for innovative breeding strategies. Conventional breeding approaches for drought tolerance are examined, paving way for the exploration of advanced methods, particularly OMICS interventions. Genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches are evaluated for their efficacy in enhancing drought tolerance in neglected legumes, with an illustrated overview of these advanced breeding approaches showcasing their interconnectedness and synergy. In conclusion, the abstract emphasises the necessity for intra-governmental and public-private partnerships to foster improvements in neglected legumes, highlighting their transformative potential in addressing global issues pertaining to food security and climate change.