Lentil is a winter sown crop for nutrition and food availability source. The legumes widely cultivated in the Mediterranean and semi-arid regions are exposed to various stresses. Drought stress is a major limiting factor which causes deleterious effects on lentil production. In this chapter, various factors and the morpho-physiological and biochemical effects of drought on lentil are discussed. Additionally, marker-assisted breeding intervention can improve lentil production under drought-stress conditions. The drought stress affects the early growth, photosynthesis, and root and shoot water relations, which leads to reduction in the yield of lentil. Conventional and modern breeding can improve the drought stress tolerance. Recent ecofriendly biotechnologies and agronomic interventions may also participate to improve the drought stress tolerance. Due to all the latest biotechnological tools and agronomic practices can improve the drought tolerance improve crop yield.