This research undertakes a numerical analysis of the behavior of shock waves near the air–water interface, specifically examining phenomena such as transmission, reflection, attenuation, and propagation of the shock wave. The numerical simulation considers air, water, and TNT (tri nitro toluene) as the modeling materials, employing the ideal gas, Mie-Gruneisen (shock), and Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equations of state, respectively. Two distinct cases are investigated: one involving only air and the other with air and water separated by an interface. In the first case, the study explores the propagation and attenuation of shock waves in both transverse and longitudinal directions. In the second case, the focus shifts to the impact of the shock wave impinging on the water surface and the subsequent effects on shock wave propagation and attenuation. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed to understand the characteristics of shock wave behavior. The numerical results reveal that the presence of a water surface significantly contributes to the mitigation of the shock wave. Thus, each case is visually represented through numerical simulations, and the results are compared for further insights.