Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention due to their advantages such as abundant elemental reserves and low cost. Modeling and simulating sodium-ion batteries can help optimize their design, accelerate the screening of cathode and anode materials, and shorten the research and development cycle. In this paper, we first establish simplified electrochemical mechanism models for two sodium-ion batteries with different capacities. Then, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and apply a Bayesian-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm to optimize the more sensitive parameters. Finally, we verify the accuracy of the established model and the computational efficiency of the simulation using constant current discharge data at four different rates. The maximum simulation error does not exceed 37 mV, and the total time consumed for the entire process is no more than 25 s.