Through a confluence of technological advances and public discourse by prominent architects the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the architectural profession has been brought into sharp relief. This paper conducts a comprehensive review, using the framework of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work (PoW) and analyses AI's role at each stage. It delineates current applications of AI tools, distinguishing between levels of reliability and robustness. The discussion extends beyond concept and rendering tasks, encompassing AI's potential pervasive presence throughout architectural processes. Findings reveal significant attention directed towards ChatGPT and visualization. However, a substantial portion of resources are being allocated automating routine processes throughout the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry. Presently, AI assistance lacks precision and often necessitates extensive cross-verification before integration into final outputs, relegating them primarily to conceptual roles. While beneficial in early stages and conceptual design phases, as projects progress through stages 3 to 7 of the RIBA framework the demand for more precise and reliable data becomes paramount, highlighting a deficiency in current AI and smart tool systems. Customized intelligent tools are presently employed by operators who rigorously adhere to prescribed protocols, commonly referred to as ‘prompt engineering.’ Equipped with an understanding of potential contingencies thereby guaranteeing maximum effectiveness within the organization's workflows. In summary this paper reveals AI is ‘all over’ design and construction processes. As well as drawing attention to emerging skills and new specializations for architects to enhance their capabilities beyond the conventions of current practice.

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All Over: A Systemic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture

  • Dermott McMeel,
  • Surendar Jayachandran,
  • Charles Walker

摘要

Through a confluence of technological advances and public discourse by prominent architects the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the architectural profession has been brought into sharp relief. This paper conducts a comprehensive review, using the framework of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work (PoW) and analyses AI's role at each stage. It delineates current applications of AI tools, distinguishing between levels of reliability and robustness. The discussion extends beyond concept and rendering tasks, encompassing AI's potential pervasive presence throughout architectural processes. Findings reveal significant attention directed towards ChatGPT and visualization. However, a substantial portion of resources are being allocated automating routine processes throughout the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry. Presently, AI assistance lacks precision and often necessitates extensive cross-verification before integration into final outputs, relegating them primarily to conceptual roles. While beneficial in early stages and conceptual design phases, as projects progress through stages 3 to 7 of the RIBA framework the demand for more precise and reliable data becomes paramount, highlighting a deficiency in current AI and smart tool systems. Customized intelligent tools are presently employed by operators who rigorously adhere to prescribed protocols, commonly referred to as ‘prompt engineering.’ Equipped with an understanding of potential contingencies thereby guaranteeing maximum effectiveness within the organization's workflows. In summary this paper reveals AI is ‘all over’ design and construction processes. As well as drawing attention to emerging skills and new specializations for architects to enhance their capabilities beyond the conventions of current practice.