Earthmoving operations are complex environments that involve interactions between equipment and humans in the construction process. In the fourth industrial revolution, new technologies such as digitalization, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things have fundamentally transformed how these elements interact, profoundly impacting worker safety and operational dynamics. This paper aims to establish a framework that focuses on the interactions among key entities in earthmoving operations, such as humans, equipment, and technologies, enhancing the socio-technical aspects of these operations. The analysis phase utilized NVIVO 14 for word frequency analysis on selected publications, verifying their classification. Full texts of articles from primary clusters—Human, Equipment, Human-Equipment, Equipment-Equipment, and Equipment-Infrastructure—were retrieved to enable detailed examination. Findings reveal that implementing advanced technologies—such as VR/AR training, AI-enhanced monitoring, and real-time locating systems—significantly improves safety in earthmoving operations by reducing human errors, preventing collisions, and enhancing equipment maintenance through better situational awareness and addressing operator fatigue. This paper contributes to shedding light on human and organizational factors for further research and highlighting the effectiveness of Industry 4.0 technologies in the safety management of humans and equipment in earthmoving operations.