With its hardiness and underutilization, brown top millet (Brachiaria ramosa) is promising in alleviating global food insecurity and making for sustainable agricultural practice. This chapter deals with the diverse aspects of brown top millet, ranging from introduction and historical relevance to its domestication and adaptation to different agroecological regions. Production systems are discussed to highlight the suitability of this plant for arid and semiarid environments, low input requirement, and adaptation to marginal soils. Features of nutritional value and potential food industry use through traditional cooking are enumerated for brown top millet. Notwithstanding this potential, there are several constraints such as limited awareness on brown top millet, low productivity, poor research investment, etc. The status of germplasm collection is examined through the study, and gaps are defined on genetic diversity and conservation. Some advancements in gene mapping and genomic resources are mentioned to focus on linear approaches on unravelling genetic traits in concern to increase quantity, stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. Related literature in conjunction with research priorities will shed light on the fact that brown top millet can turn out to be a climate-resilient crop with potential. They advocate strategic investments in research, breeding programs, and awareness-building programs for unlocking benefits for sustainable food systems and livelihoods.