Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is indeed recognized as a highly toxic and carcinogenic environmental contaminant. This chapter examines the use of ion exchange sorbents in the selective detection of the hazardous and carcinogenic environmental pollutant hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). It highlights how crucial it is to precisely identify and measure Cr(VI) in a variety of matrices, such as soil, groundwater, and industrial effluents. Ion exchange sorbents are emphasized as the best materials for Cr(VI) detection because of their excellent selectivity, efficiency, and capacity for ion separation. The chapter covers the fundamentals of ion exchange mechanisms, emphasizing the sorption process and the variables—pH, temperature, and competing ions—that affect Cr(VI) uptake. We discuss the synthesis, characterization, and modification of these sorbents to improve their capacity and selectivity. At the end of the chapter, the development of sophisticated ion exchange materials for Cr(VI) detection is discussed along with future directions and obstacles. The importance of sustainable and affordable solutions for public health and environmental protection is emphasized.