With the development of science and technology, railway data is growing explosively. Establishing a standard process for railway data governance is extremely important. This paper expounds the importance of railway data governance, including aspects such as improving operational efficiency and ensuring transportation safety. It introduces the key steps of railway data governance, such as data collection, storage, cleaning, integration, security, and analysis. It elaborates on the standard process of railway data governance, covering links such as data access, preprocessing, abnormal data screening and cleaning, data standardization, and data release. Through case analysis, the importance and effectiveness of railway data governance are verified. In the future, railway data governance will face many challenges and needs continuous exploration and innovation to adapt to the changing market demands and technological development.