As the safety issues surrounding the transportation of hazardous chemicals become increasingly severe, particularly under special geographic and climatic conditions, the risks involved in the transportation process have become more complex. In response, this study proposes a novel mobile pressure vessel intelligent monitoring and early warning system based on Internet of Things (IoT) and ultrasonic guided wave technology, aimed at enhancing safety and improving emergency response efficiency during transportation. By enabling real-time monitoring of container status, developing an intelligent early warning mechanism, and enhancing emergency response capabilities, this study addresses the shortcomings of existing systems, such as insufficient monitoring coverage, delayed warning responses, and low emergency response efficiency. Drawing on domestic and international experience in hazardous chemical transportation management and the current state of technological development, this research offers new technical insights for the safe management of hazardous chemical transportation, with significant practical application value. It also provides valuable references for risk management and emergency response in related fields.