In response to the challenges posed by climate change and resource depletion, there is growing attention on the energy consumption generated by vehicles in transportation, which has led to increased research focus on vehicle energy management. Although numerous studies have investigated vehicle energy management systems through advancements in vehicle technology, testing tools, and methodologies, affirming the necessity and significance of energy management, there remains a lack of more targeted and in-depth evaluation metrics in the effectiveness assessment stage. This study focuses on variable speed conditions, represented by acceleration-gliding behavior, to analyze the energy conversion and utilization processes under various vehicle operating conditions. Through this analysis, relevant quantitative metrics are proposed and tested under specific conditions. The findings indicate that the proposed evaluation metrics can effectively assess the energy utilization efficiency of vehicles across different driving scenarios. These results provide a valuable reference for vehicle energy management and efficiency assessment, thereby advancing research and development in the field of transportation energy management.