The dynamic model of rail vehicles is an important basis for vehicle design, dynamic analysis and optimization. However, due to factors such as the differences between the actual physical parameters of rail vehicles and theoretical parameters, and the inconvenience of obtaining line input excitations, there is often a large error in the dynamic response between the established dynamic model of rail vehicles and the actual vehicle. This study attempts to use optimization algorithms to calibrate and correct the dynamic simulation model of rail vehicles for the above problems. First, a dynamic model is established based on SIMAPCK multi-body dynamics software. Then, various optimization algorithms are used to calibrate the model parameters. Finally, dynamic simulations are performed based on the model before and after calibration, and its dynamic performance is compared with the measured data.