Sustainable concrete with better mechanical and durability features is critical for the construction of rigid pavements, particularly in areas prone to heavy traffic and harsh weather conditions. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising way to improving the efficacy of traditional concrete materials. The major goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of manufacturing dry lean concrete (DLC) for rigid pavement applications employing significant nanomaterials such as nano silica and nano clay. Dry lean concrete (DLC), used as a cost-effective base layer in rigid pavements, often faces issues of strength, shrinkage, and durability. Nano silica’s large surface area and pozzolanic activity can significantly enhance cement hydration, resulting in higher compressive strength and decreased permeability. It additionally strengthens the microstructure of the concrete matrix, making it more resistant to environmental deterioration caused by sulfate attack and chloride penetration. Similarly, nano clay’s layered silicate structure improves concrete mix workability and cohesiveness while reducing shrinkage and cracking. Its inclusion can also help the concrete withstand freeze–thaw cycles and other durability issues. This study explores the potential of these nanoparticles to offer a stronger and durable base layer for rigid pavements by examining their application in dry lean concrete. The examination evaluates workability, durability, tensile strength, compressive strength, and microstructural improvements caused using nano silica and nano clay. Eventually, these nanoparticles can create more durable, low-maintenance pavements, making roads both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.