One of the main factors for meeting the design criteria is the stability of soil underneath the construction sites. With the limited availability of land, and the development of new construction sites, there is an increase in construction on poor-quality grounds. The soil stabilization technique is one of the leading methods for improving the soil properties and making it suitable for the construction of structures on such problematic soils. Since several decades, different techniques and materials are being investigated and used for soil stabilization. However, the growing advancement of nanotechnology, its interdisciplinary cross-applications, and the development of new nanomaterials have led to an increased use of nanotechnology for improving soil mechanical properties in the recent years. Nanomaterials have the potential to enhance soils and offer a new, intelligent, and environmentally friendly method for sustainable construction. This chapter reviews the latest research on the use of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, nano-alumina, nano-silica, nano-clays, etc., in soil; their characteristics, their impacts on soil, and the tools employed in nanotechnology. The major impacts of nanomaterials and nano-additives on the characteristics of soil are also studied.