In the current scenario, nanotechnology has been widely used in different scientific applications and technologies. Nanotechnology may be used to develop some methods to solve various environmental pollution, which can be effective more than the conventional techniques to reduce water pollution. Increasing population growth and excessive industrialization result in environmental degradation which is a serious global concern. One of the most important reasons for the contamination of natural water bodies is wastewater from several industries. Discharge of hazardous material into the water bodies may cause serious health issues to mankind. Nowadays adsorption is a very important remediation process for the treatment of wastewater. Due to the unique physical and chemical features like large surface area, multiple sorption sites, tunable pore size, and surface chemistry of nanomaterials have gained tremendous attention to solve this problem. Carbon nanotubes are very popular in this purpose due to their high tensile strength, chemical and thermal stability, high Young’s modulus, and good thermal and electrical conductivity. They also can interact with inorganic and organic pollutants strongly due to their porous hollow structure, low density, hydrophobic surfaces, and high specific surface area. Apart from this, there are other nanoadsorbentsNanoadsorbents also used for example graphane, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, and manganese oxide. This review focused on the synthesis and classification of nanoadsorbentsNanoadsorbents and their utilization for the treatment of wastewater.