Agricultural productivity and sustainability in developing countries remain low, which poses a threat to meeting the food and crop provision demands of an ever-growing population. Without substantial improvements, developing countries will battle to provide crops and food for future generations sustainably. Therefore, this study addressed the multifaceted issue of enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity in developing countries with low technological literacy, insufficient infrastructure, and high agricultural technology adoption costs. Implementing and integrating Internet of Things technologies offer a solution to this multifaceted agricultural issue. Fifty-four articles were reviewed to determine the potential of implementing Internet of Things technologies in the agriculture sectors of developing countries. The findings of this study indicate that technological integration and sustainable practices can indeed increase crop yields and enhance agricultural resource management. However, the adoption of Internet of Things technologies in the agriculture sectors of developing countries is limited due to high adoption costs and poor infrastructure. The findings offer insights and strategies for overcoming these challenges and thus enable the adoption of Internet of Things technologies in such countries’ agriculture sectors.