Recent times have witnessed a rapid rise in the utilization of organic and inorganic composites due to increasing human activity, creating a large amount of wastewater. A lot of research work has been accomplished and investigated various physical and chemical methods to mitigate the impact of hazardous pollutants on ecosystems. However, each of these methods is associated with several limitations including high costs, limited effectiveness, the production of toxic by-products, and the requirement for large capital expenditure. Hence, an environmentally sustainable, efficient, and low-cost method will be preferred. Integrated approaches are more beneficial in reducing the limitations of a single technology and work as the best alternative to traditional remediation techniques. One novel technique that has recently been employed is nano-bioremediation. Nano-bioremediation is a hybrid technology consisting of both nanotechnology and bioremediation. The remediation process involved in this technique is comparatively more effective, less time-consuming, and eco-friendly. This chapter presents an overview of nanotechnology and various nano-based materials for the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. Additionally, an extensive analysis of the nano-bioremediation method, process, and usage has been summarized.