A serious concern for the environment and life itself is water pollution. Anthropogenic and natural factors both contribute to water contamination. The biota is facing major health issues as a result of large volumes of industrial waste in fresh and marine water due to industrial revolution. The growing human population has also resulted in an increase in waste materials, such as cosmetics, hazardous chemicals, organic garbage, and biological pollutants in water. Many water pollutants are difficult to detect and quantify using conventional methods. The detection technology is costly, not easily portable and requires a lot of maintenance. In order to make the equipment more compact, durable, economical and highly selective, researchers have looked into modern approaches for the detection of water pollutants. Nanostructured devices are an effective strategy due to their low energy consumption, excellent precision, and great efficiency. In the realm of wastewater monitoring, nanosensors are essential as they are used to detect contaminants from various natural and man-made sources. They provide significant benefits over traditional techniques and satisfy the demand for portable analytical instruments that possess stability and selectivity. As nanotechnology has progressed, a great deal of study has been done on how to use the special chemical and physical characteristics of nanostructures and nanomaterials (NMs) to create nanosensors. Because of their superior interaction with nanoscale analytes, high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, quick response and simplicity of use, these nanosensors are far superior to the conventional sensors. In order to monitor wastewater pollutants, nanosensors can be classed depending on the NMs employed as the sensing material, transduction mechanism and also on the nature of analytes. More effective and selective nanobiosensors have also been designed in the recent past as a result of the fusion of biotechnology and nanotechnology. Many different types of sensor materials, including those based on metal, metal oxide, carbon, and polymers, have been generated. High-efficiency, high-flexibility and multi-functionality sensing applications are being built with NM-enabled sensors. Several nanosensors currently in use possess the innate ability to accomplish these objectives; yet, they necessitate additional advancements to become user and consumer-friendly instruments capable of identifying analytes in previously unreachable domains. Using contemporary nanosensors, this chapter focuses on the detection of pesticides, industrial waste, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, biological pollutants, heavy metals and new pollutants in wastewater.

Nanosensors to Monitor Wastewater Pollutants

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发表日期：

2025年

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Amrit Krishna Mitra,
Souvik Dey,
Vijendra Singh Solanki,
Neha Agarwal

摘要

A serious concern for the environment and life itself is water pollution. Anthropogenic and natural factors both contribute to water contamination. The biota is facing major health issues as a result of large volumes of industrial waste in fresh and marine water due to industrial revolution. The growing human population has also resulted in an increase in waste materials, such as cosmetics, hazardous chemicals, organic garbage, and biological pollutants in water. Many water pollutants are difficult to detect and quantify using conventional methods. The detection technology is costly, not easily portable and requires a lot of maintenance. In order to make the equipment more compact, durable, economical and highly selective, researchers have looked into modern approaches for the detection of water pollutants. Nanostructured devices are an effective strategy due to their low energy consumption, excellent precision, and great efficiency. In the realm of wastewater monitoring, nanosensors are essential as they are used to detect contaminants from various natural and man-made sources. They provide significant benefits over traditional techniques and satisfy the demand for portable analytical instruments that possess stability and selectivity. As nanotechnology has progressed, a great deal of study has been done on how to use the special chemical and physical characteristics of nanostructures and nanomaterials (NMs) to create nanosensors. Because of their superior interaction with nanoscale analytes, high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, quick response and simplicity of use, these nanosensors are far superior to the conventional sensors. In order to monitor wastewater pollutants, nanosensors can be classed depending on the NMs employed as the sensing material, transduction mechanism and also on the nature of analytes. More effective and selective nanobiosensors have also been designed in the recent past as a result of the fusion of biotechnology and nanotechnology. Many different types of sensor materials, including those based on metal, metal oxide, carbon, and polymers, have been generated. High-efficiency, high-flexibility and multi-functionality sensing applications are being built with NM-enabled sensors. Several nanosensors currently in use possess the innate ability to accomplish these objectives; yet, they necessitate additional advancements to become user and consumer-friendly instruments capable of identifying analytes in previously unreachable domains. Using contemporary nanosensors, this chapter focuses on the detection of pesticides, industrial waste, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, biological pollutants, heavy metals and new pollutants in wastewater.