Addressing the pressing issue of wastewater pollution, this chapter delves into a sustainable approach for remediation by leveraging the capabilities of nano-adsorbents. Although, various conventional techniques such as ion exchange, coagulation, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, and electrocoagulation are used for the treatment of wastewater. Nowadays, nano-adsorbents are being used as emerging materials for the effective removal of contaminants due to their high surface area and reactivity, which makes them ideal for adsorbing pollutants and facilitating chemical reactions, leading to pollutant degradation. Additionally, their unique properties and environmentally conscious design make them valuable tools for extracting heavy metals like Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As) from wastewater. The increased concentration of these carcinogenic heavy metals in wastewater is owing to harmful environmental impacts. However, this chapter discusses the synthesis and properties of these nano-adsorbents, emphasizing their eco-friendly and sustainable nature. Furthermore, the application of these materials in wastewater treatment processes is explored, highlighting their enhanced adsorption efficiency and selectivity. The environmentally conscious aspect of utilizing nano-adsorbents as a viable solution for wastewater remediation is underscored, emphasizing the potential for mitigating pollution while adhering to sustainability principles. Moreover, through a comprehensive examination of the current research landscape, this chapter aims to contribute valuable insights into the development and implementation of sustainable strategies for wastewater remediation.