Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It is the only solid organ malignancy with a rising incidence, typically developing in the setting of chronic liver disease. In addition to its high mortality, patients with HCC often experience substantial challenges that negatively impact their quality of life (QoL). The burden of HCC is greatest in Asian countries, with China reporting the highest incidence rates worldwide. In Africa, HCC is the fourth most common cancer, while in Europe, approximately 47,000 deaths are attributed to HCC each year. In North America, incidence rates are roughly one-third of those observed in East Asia, although a recent increase has been noted in Australia. The significant global burden of HCC is reflected not only in morbidity and mortality statistics but also in the substantial costs associated with diagnosis and treatment, affecting both individual patients and healthcare systems at large. This chapter aims to explore the worldwide burden of HCC, examining morbidity, mortality, economic impacts, and the broader consequences from the perspectives of patients, healthcare providers, and society. Particular attention will be given to the influence of economic factors on the delivery of treatment, especially within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).