CRISPR/Cas9 and Beyond: Genome Editing for Precision Trait Enhancement in Tomatoes
摘要
Genome editing, particularly through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–based technology, has revolutionized tomato biology and breeding, offering precise and efficient means for trait enhancement. This technology addresses various challenges in tomato cultivation, from improving quality, yield, and fruit ripening to enhancing abiotic and biotic stress resistance. By targeting specific genes associated with desirable traits, CRISPR/Cas9 enables rapid and precise modifications, overcoming the narrow genetic base of tomatoes. CRISPR/Cas9 technology’s advantages include ease of experimental design, minimal off-targets mutations, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for enhancing productivity and yields in tomatoes. Traits such as plant architecture, flower characteristics, fruit composition, and stress resilience have been successfully edited using CRISPR/Cas9, showcasing its versatility and efficacy in tomato breeding. Innovations in CRISPR/Cas9 technology, such as the availability of plant-specific Cas variants, online design tools, and efficient transformation protocols, further enhance its utility in tomato research and breeding. Comparative analysis has highlighted the CRISPR/Cas9 superiority over other genome editing platforms, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize agricultural practices. CRISPR genome editing technology holds immense potential for accelerating applied research and precision breeding in tomatoes, contributing to global food security. It represents a transformative tool for precision trait enhancement in tomatoes, offering a pathway to address environmental challenges and meet the demands of a growing population. Further advancements are essential to fully realize its potential in designing elite tomato varieties to combat the current and future challenges.