Nanobiosensors, leveraging many nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanorods, are revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing the sensitivity and efficiency of monitoring systems. Nanobiosensors are extremely reliable and highly sensitive in biosensing approaches as compared to the conventional sensors due to the unique properties of nanomaterials such as good conductivity as well as physicochemical, optical, electrochemical, mechanical and magnetic properties. These sensors are very useful in agriculture and play a critical role in detecting plant pathogens, optimizing soil quality, understanding plant-soil-microbe interactions and enhancing the quality of agri-food products. Nanotechnology-based biosensors enable precise detection of pesticide residues, nutrient deficiencies, and environmental stress, promoting sustainable and precision agriculture by minimizing chemical inputs and improving crop management. Future advancements, including the integration of artificial intelligence and wireless monitoring, will enable real-time, remote sensing, offering predictive analytics for crop health and environmental parameters. These developments hold great promise for sustainable farming practices, enhancing food security, and ensuring environmental safety in response to global agricultural challenges.