The rapid increase in global water pollution and the emergence of microbes resistant to antibiotics have propelled the search for eco-friendly and efficient water disinfection methods. Water sanitation challenges need to be addressed worldwide, paving the way for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies. This study explores the plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and utilizing the inherent antimicrobial properties of AgNPs for water disinfection. In this paper, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized employing the leaves of a local medicinal plant Ocimum Basilicum (Basil). The plant extract acted as both a reducing and capping agent, facilitating the formation of stable AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques, confirming their size, shape, and stability. The antimicrobial efficacy of these AgNPs was investigated against a spectrum of microorganisms. The mechanism behind this antimicrobial action was further elucidated, shedding light on the potential application of AgNPs for water disinfection. Abstract Theme: Advanced Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (ANN)